Internal-combustion engine.



P. P. DEMPSEY.

INTERNAL comusmN ENGINE. V

APPLICATIBN FILED APELZS. 1916.' I

Lll; Patented Nebglfz, 1.918;A

Vlil

nnuaire.

rErEE r. nENrsE'r, or NEW YORK, N. nEiursEr ont. ENGINE CORPORATION, ronx.

i Application led lLipril 28, 1916. Serial No. 94,095.

To uZZ 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER P. DEMPSEY, a-

citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Manhattan of the city ofNew` orlr, in the State of-New Yorln have in vented lcertain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion` Engines, of

which the following is a specilication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, `forming-a part hereof.'

Thisfinvention relates to internal colnhus- -tion'engines and is concerned particularly with the provision therefor of heating-del vices' whereby heavier hydrocarbons, such as kerosene, can be successfully used as a fuel. rllhe invention is further concerned with the construction of the heaten It has been proposed to heat a hydrocarbon mixture dur- .ing its passage from the carbureter into the cylinder by means of the exhaust gases or by means of `wate` from the engine jacket,

but the devices for abstracting' the heat' from such sources have not been of such character as to give that uniform heating which `is required for a hydrocarbon gas in order that the gas while converted into' a true vapor shall not be heated so excesslvely ,Y as to be cracked. ln accordance with the lan present invention, there is embodied in a heater for the hydrocarbon mixture/means for using the heat from the exhaust gases and means for tempering this heat to the desired degree by means of water which may or may not be included in the usual water circulating system. The improved f heater is so constructed that a constant amount of heat is supplied to the mixture at all portions and an even temperature maintained throughout in spite of the uneven` temperature or unequal amount of heat caused in the heater by the exhaust gases at various points.- lin accordance with-the invention the heater has a central passage into which the several cylinders'discharge and the cooling water .is led through the heater in a direction opposite to that from which the exhaust gases pass. Further, the volume of this water is roportioned throughout the heaterlto the sensible heat of the exhaust gases at the various portions. The mixture itself is passed through the heater along channels so disposed with re-.

spect yto the lexhaust gases and the cooling water as to insure the abstraction' of suffi- A Specication of Letters Patent.

Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE .ASSGNMENTS, T0 YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW rNrEENan-coiunusrron ENGINE.

Patenten Een. aa, reis.

cient heat to form the mixture intoa true 'gas and maintain it at a temperature below the 'point at which it would crack. The invention will be described more particularly hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichi' Figure l is a somewhat conventional view inside elevation of afour-cylinder internal combustion motor to whichv the improved heater is applied.

Fig. 2 is a view in'vertical the heater shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a sectional View velopment of the heater.

Fig. 4 is a view in end "elevation of the heater taken along the plane indicated by the line 41-4 of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

F ig. 5 is -a sectional view through thev heater taken ralong the plane indicated by the une 5-5 of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows. v

Fig. 6 is a' sectional View the heater line 6-6 of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

'lhe internal combustion motor a to which section through showing a detaken through along the plane indicated by the the improved heater is applied may be of Y explosive mixture is formed. Since the invention is concerned particularly with the use ofthe heavier hydrocarbon fractions,

and particularly kerosene, the advantages of Y the heater will be better understood with reference to the difficulties of 'converting such a heavier hydrocarbon into a true gas at a temperature below its cracking point prior toits introduction into the cylinder.

rlhe heater- Z2 is preferably formed 'as a substantially cylindrical chamber through which extends centrally an exhaust passage e into which discharges the exhaust ports c', e2, e3 and e-L of the cylinders of a four- `cylinder motor, the gases eventually finding their way out through one end of the chamber to the pipe f. Cooling water is introduced at one end of the Jacket of the chamber through a pipe g and is discharged therefrom at the other end through a pipe g, the tiow of-water, it is to be understood, being in a direction opposite to that in which the exhaust gases flow through the central pipe e.. From the development of the heater shown in Fig. 3 it will be evident that the greatest volume of water is to be found near- Y port the gases are directed away from the which will appear.

. g to the outlet end g.

discharge end of the exhaust e along an arcuate channel b2 immediately surrounding the cooler end of the exhaust passage to the end cap b3 at the closed end of the heater.

From the chamber formed by the cap b3 thev gases are diverted in their travel and are -directed along'another channel 'b4 whichis formed in juxtaposition to the exhaust pipeve, and led to a point about midway of the heater where they pass into still another channel b5 from which they may be distributed conveniently to the inlet manifold of the cylinders, as through inlet ports. b. The direction taken by the gases at all times is indicated clearly by the arrows in Fig. 37,; Between the channels b2 and b4 for the mixture there is interposed anarcuate water channel Z2 which is disposed immediately outside of the exhaust pipe e for reasons Except for kthe space within the heater taken up by the passages b2, b4 and b5 for the mixture, water channels are providedfthe volume and surfaces of which decrease steadily from theinlet end `lThe-purely structural features of the improved heater having been considered, the theory underlying the disposition of the various channels and lthe apportionment of the .several mediums at various portions of the heater must bel emphasized in order that the spirit ofthe invention maybeunderstood. 'The sensible heat from the exhaust gases at the discharge end of the heater will be, approximately, four times theamount of heat at the extreme inner end of the exf haust pipe e, since this inner end, it might be said, is subject only to the heat of the exhaust from the port e', whereas the discharge end of the exhaust pipe is subject to the heat received from the four exhaust ports e', e2, e3 and et. Accordingly, if the.

mixture were passed around the exhaust pipe merely with a view to abstracting heat therefrom, it would receive the different quantities of heat at different portions of ing quantityv of water is sufficient to mainthe invention is to be ascertained from the the heater and would also be heated lto such a temperature as would cause it toA crack. Underl these circumstances, the heater `has been j acketed, in order that thetemperature of thel gas' might be maintained below a point at which it would crack and 'thee-heat of the exhaust be abstracted ,by-the cooling medium to a degree sufficient to equalize. the

heat distributed thereby at various portions of the heater. To this end, the water Yj aclifet in the heater is formed 'solthat the relatively p cool water willpass into the jacket fromthe pipe g at the hottest end of the exhaust pipe e yand in sufficient quantity to' abstract that degree of heat from the exhaust gases necessary to maintain the temperature of the exhaust pipe 'about even throughout its length. As this ycold water passes from' theheater toward the. .cooler end of thel exhaust pipe e, its quantity is lessened by directing itl along those channels which are lett` bythe gas passages b2, btand b5. Likewise,` the .l

. cooling surface presented to the 'exhaust pipe bythe'water jacket is lessened V`as'the water passes toward the c ooler end of the exhaust, since by' reason of the constantly diminishing quantity of heat distributed by the" exhaust, a correspondingly diminishtain it atl the' desired even temperature throughout. In this way, the mixture which enters the port b is sub]ected to heat from the exhaust gases at the cooler end of the 'exhaustspipe e and to the heat-which the cooling vwater hasl abstracted-l from the exhaust gases. By the improved construction of the heater the quantity ofheat offered to the explosive mixture is about the same throughout the length of its passages b2, b4 and b5 and the temperature of the gases is maintained about even and at least at a point below thatat which' the hydrocarbon gas would crack.

While the improved heater has' been described with some degree of particularity in order that the principle involved may be better understood, it is evident that other rearrangements of the various channels and passages may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and that the desired apportioned cooling and heating even as between the water, the mixture and lthe exhaust gases may be secured by such mechanical rearrangements. The scope of appended claims.y

I claim as my invention:

-1. In combination with an internalcombustion engine and a carbureter therefor, a heater for the mixture disposed between the carbureter and the engine having a passage therethrough for the exhaust gases, separate inlet and outlet passages for a cooling me. dium to lead the medium in its liow in a direction opposite-to the direction of iow 130 so l - gases.

natalie of the gasesand a passage for the mixture juxtaposed' to the passage `for the exhaust 2. In combination with an yinternal combustion engine and a carbureter therefor, a heater for the mixture disposed between the carbureter and the engine having `a passage therethrough for thev exhaust gases,A and separate passages for acoolin vInediunn the cross-sectional area of which ecreases from the inletend'- toward the outlet end, the inlet for the cooling medium .being disposed at the hotter end of. the heater ,'Whereby the effective cooling volume throughout is proportioned to the sensible heat of'the exhaust gases along the exhaust passage.V

3. In combination Withan internal corn# bustion engine and a' carbureter therefor, a

, cylindrical heater for the'mixture disposed between the carbureter and the engine having a. central exhaust passage therethrough, Water cooling channels formed around the exhaust passage, inlet andl outlet ducts for the Water at the'ends of the Water channels and so disposed with respect to the exhaust passage as to cause the How of Water in a direction opposite to the flow of` the 4exhaust gases:

.,lpril,V4 A. D. 1916.

and a passage vfor the mixture juxtaposed to the 4. In combination with an mternal combustion engine and a carbureter therefor, a cylindrical heater for the mixture disposed between the `carbureter and the engine and having a central .exhaust passage therethrough, water and gas vpassages formed concentric With the exhaust passage, the gas passage extending throughout only a portion of the lengthof the heater, inlet and outlet ducts for the Water formed at the ends of the Water channels and so disposed with respect to the exhaust-gases as to cause a passage forthe exhaust` gases.

so j

flow of water ina direction opposite to the direction of iow of the exhaust gases, the f cross-sectional area of the Water channels decreasing from the inlet end to the outlet portoned to the sensible heat of the exhaust gases, and a common distributing gas passage formed alongside of the heater to distribute thegas to the cylinders.

This specification PETER' DESEY.

l45 end whereby the Volume of water is prol signed this 11th day of 

